1 Initial Corpus generation

2 General Overview over EIST articles

2.1 Main Indicators: Publications, Authors, Countries

To start with, a general overview over the documents in the corpus.

First



MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA

 Timespan                              2011 : 2021 
 Sources (Journals, Books, etc)        1 
 Documents                             479 
 Average years from publication        3.68 
 Average citations per documents       29.15 
 Average citations per year per doc    5.368 
 References                            31206 
 
DOCUMENT TYPES                     
 article               432 
 conference paper      30 
 editorial             6 
 note                  3 
 short survey          8 
 
DOCUMENT CONTENTS
 Keywords Plus (ID)                    929 
 Author's Keywords (DE)                1527 
 
AUTHORS
 Authors                               946 
 Author Appearances                    1274 
 Authors of single-authored documents  110 
 Authors of multi-authored documents   836 
 
AUTHORS COLLABORATION
 Single-authored documents             118 
 Documents per Author                  0.506 
 Authors per Document                  1.97 
 Co-Authors per Documents              2.66 
 Collaboration Index                   2.32 
 

Annual Scientific Production

Annual Percentage Growth Rate 7.654829 


Most Productive Authors


Top manuscripts per citations


Corresponding Author's Countries


SCP: Single Country Publications

MCP: Multiple Country Publications


Total Citations per Country


Most Relevant Sources


Most Relevant Keywords
NA

And a graphical visualization

2.2 Cited references

Top 20 cited references:

CR n
GEELS, F.W., TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS AS EVOLUTIONARY RECONFIGURATION PROCESSES: A MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE AND A CASE-STUDY (2002) RES. POLICY, 31, PP. 1257-1274 60
MARKARD, J., RAVEN, R., TRUFFER, B., SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: AN EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH AND ITS PROSPECTS (2012) RES. POLICY, 41, PP. 955-967 52
GEELS, F.W., SCHOT, J., TYPOLOGY OF SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS (2007) RES. POLICY, 36, PP. 399-417 47
MARKARD, J., RAVEN, R., TRUFFER, B., SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: AN EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH AND ITS PROSPECTS (2012) RES. POLICY, 41 (6), PP. 955-967 44
SMITH, A., RAVEN, R., WHAT IS PROTECTIVE SPACE? RECONSIDERING NICHES IN TRANSITIONS TO SUSTAINABILITY (2012) RES. POLICY, 41, PP. 1025-1036 42
GEELS, F.W., SCHOT, J., TYPOLOGY OF SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS (2007) RES. POLICY, 36 (3), PP. 399-417 37
SMITH, A., RAVEN, R., WHAT IS PROTECTIVE SPACE? RECONSIDERING NICHES IN TRANSITIONS TO SUSTAINABILITY (2012) RES. POLICY, 41 (6), PP. 1025-1036 37
GEELS, F.W., TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS AS EVOLUTIONARY RECONFIGURATION PROCESSES: A MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE AND A CASE-STUDY (2002) RES. POLICY, 31 (8-9), PP. 1257-1274 34
BERGEK, A., JACOBSSON, S., CARLSSON, B., LINDMARK, S., RICKNE, A., ANALYZING THE FUNCTIONAL DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS: A SCHEME OF ANALYSIS (2008) RES. POLICY, 37, PP. 407-429 30
GEELS, F.W., FROM SECTORAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION TO SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: INSIGHTS ABOUT DYNAMICS AND CHANGE FROM SOCIOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY (2004) RES. POLICY, 33, PP. 897-920 27
SMITH, A., STIRLING, A., BERKHOUT, F., THE GOVERNANCE OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (2005) RES. POLICY, 34, PP. 1491-1510 25
UNRUH, G.C., UNDERSTANDING CARBON LOCK-IN (2000) ENERGY POLICY, 28, PP. 817-830 24
COENEN, L., BENNEWORTH, P., TRUFFER, B., TOWARD A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2012) RES. POLICY, 41, PP. 968-979 23
GEELS, F.W., THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: RESPONSES TO SEVEN CRITICISMS (2011) ENVIRON. INNOV. SOC. TRANSIT., 1, PP. 24-40 23
MARKARD, J., TRUFFER, B., TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS AND THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK (2008) RES. POLICY, 37, PP. 596-615 22
COENEN, L., BENNEWORTH, P., TRUFFER, B., TOWARD A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2012) RES. POLICY, 41 (6), PP. 968-979 21
SMITH, A., STIRLING, A., BERKHOUT, F., THE GOVERNANCE OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (2005) RES. POLICY, 34 (10), PP. 1491-1510 21
ROTMANS, J., KEMP, R., VAN ASSELT, M., MORE EVOLUTION THAN REVOLUTION: TRANSITION MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC POLICY (2001) FORESIGHT, 3 (1), PP. 15-31 20
MARKARD, J., TRUFFER, B., TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS AND THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK (2008) RES. POLICY, 37 (4), PP. 596-615 19
KIVIMAA, P., KERN, F., CREATIVE DESTRUCTION OR MERE NICHE SUPPORT? INNOVATION POLICY MIXES FOR SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2016) RES. POLICY, 45 (1), PP. 205-217 18

2.2.1 Authors, Themes & Journals

3 Topic modelling

Error in pull(., com) : object 'C_nw' not found
Loading required package: RColorBrewer

I by now created some topic modelling. The results are now more fine-tuned, but there is still room for some improvement. We ran a LDA on the titles + abstracts of our corpus, aiming at identifying 6 topics (different evaluation methods point towards this number)

3.1 Topics by topwords

This might still be finetuned, but initially doesnt look that bad I think. All the topics for me seem to be somewhat identifiable. We should maybe start naming them to make their interpretation later easier.

3.2 Topics over time

Loading required package: directlabels
Loading required package: patchwork
`summarise()` has grouped output by 'PY'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

3.3 LDAViz

Here you find a nice way of exploring topics via the LDAVIz methodology of visulizing the result of an LDA. It dispolays all topics in a 2 dimensional TSNE (similar to PCA, but optimized for graphical illustration in 2d), and also gives a nice visual representation over the topics top-word distribution and overall frequencies of this words in the corpus. The \(\lambda\) parameter regulates the importance-ordering of the topwords. High \(\lambda\) order words by the highest propability to appear in the topic to the lowest (independent of the overall word popularity in the corpus), whle low \(\lambda\) emphasize words which are very specific to the topic, and rarely appear in others.

Play a bit around. Since it would be here a bit condensed, better check it out HERE in fullscreen for a better overview.

Warning in rm(text_dtm, text_tidy, text_lda) :
  object 'text_dtm' not found

4 Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis

Note: This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab Technical descriptionfor additional explanations

4.1 Knowledge Bases summary

4.1.1 Main Indicators

In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a community detection technique based on the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases.

It is not the main focus of this exercise, but still informative to see which historical knowledge the fields draws from.

NOTE: Up to now I only report the most central members per community

com name dgr_int dgr
1 GEELS F.W. TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS AS EVOLUTIONARY RECONFIGURATION PROCESSES: A MULTI-LEVEL PER... 1531 3062
1 GEELS F.W. SCHOT J. TYPOLOGY OF SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS (2007) 1495 2629
1 SMITH A. RAVEN R. WHAT IS PROTECTIVE SPACE? RECONSIDERING NICHES IN TRANSITIONS TO SUSTAINABILITY... 1120 2333
1 GEELS F.W. THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: RESPONSES TO SEVEN CRITICIS... 991 1781
1 SMITH A. STIRLING A. BERKHOUT F. THE GOVERNANCE OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (2005) 835 1242
1 GEELS F.W. REGIME RESISTANCE AGAINST LOW-CARBON TRANSITIONS: INTRODUCING POLITICS AND POWER INTO ... 706 985
1 GEELS F.W. FROM SECTORAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION TO SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: INSIGHTS ABOUT DYNAMIC... 648 1025
1 RIP A. KEMP R. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE (1998) 634 1182
1 UNRUH G.C. UNDERSTANDING CARBON LOCK-IN (2000) 616 905
1 FARLA J. MARKARD J. RAVEN R. COENEN L. SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN THE MAKING: A CLOSER LOOK AT... 605 1106
2 BERGEK A. JACOBSSON S. CARLSSON B. LINDMARK S. RICKNE A. ANALYZING THE FUNCTIONAL DYNAMICS OF TEC... 700 1369
2 MARKARD J. TRUFFER B. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS AND THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE: TOWARDS A... 450 1149
2 CARLSSON B. STANKIEWICZ R. ON THE NATURE FUNCTION AND COMPOSITION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (1991) 406 599
2 HEKKERT M.P. SUURS R.A.A. NEGRO S.O. KUHLMANN S. SMITS R.E.H.M. FUNCTIONS OF INNOVATION SYSTEMS: ... 330 767
2 JACOBSSON S. BERGEK A. INNOVATION SYSTEM ANALYSES AND SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: CONTRIBUTIONS A... 282 536
2 JACOBSSON S. BERGEK A. TRANSFORMING THE ENERGY SECTOR: THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN ... 267 413
2 DEWALD U. TRUFFER B. THE LOCAL SOURCES OF MARKET FORMATION: EXPLAINING REGIONAL GROWTH DIFFERENTI... 213 436
2 BERGEK A. HEKKERT M. JACOBSSON S. MARKARD J. SANDN B. TRUFFER B. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS... 210 391
2 BINZ C. TRUFFER B. GLOBAL INNOVATION SYSTEMSA CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INNOVATION DYNAMICS IN TRA... 196 267
2 MUSIOLIK J. MARKARD J. CREATING AND SHAPING INNOVATION SYSTEMS: FORMAL NETWORKS IN THE INNOVATION... 192 295
3 MARKARD J. RAVEN R. TRUFFER B. SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: AN EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH AND ITS ... 481 2724
3 COENEN L. BENNEWORTH P. TRUFFER B. TOWARD A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS (2012) 383 1184
3 RAVEN R. SCHOT J. BERKHOUT F. SPACE AND SCALE IN SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS (2012) 304 645
3 HODSON M. MARVIN S. CAN CITIES SHAPE SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS AND HOW WOULD WE KNOW IF THEY WE... 298 721
3 HANSEN T. COENEN L. THE GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: REVIEW SYNTHESIS AND REFLECTIONS... 256 633
3 TRUFFER B. COENEN L. ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN REGIONAL STUDIES ... 216 581
3 COENEN L. TRUFFER B. PLACES AND SPACES OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: GEOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTIONS ... 158 292
3 MURPHY J.T. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITION STUDIES: PROMISING INTERSECTIONS (2015) 136 210
3 TRUFFER B. MURPHY J.T. RAVEN R. THE GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: CONTOURS OF AN EMERG... 118 261
3 CASTN BROTO V. BULKELEY H. A SURVEY OF URBAN CLIMATE CHANGE EXPERIMENTS IN 100 CITIES (2013) 117 177
4 HARGREAVES T. HIELSCHER S. SEYFANG G. SMITH A. GRASSROOTS INNOVATIONS IN COMMUNITY ENERGY: THE RO... 272 411
4 KIVIMAA P. GOVERNMENT-AFFILIATED INTERMEDIARY ORGANISATIONS AS ACTORS IN SYSTEM-LEVEL TRANSITIONS... 270 388
4 SEYFANG G. SMITH A. GRASSROOTS INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: TOWARDS A NEW RESEARCH AN... 221 492
4 HOWELLS J. INTERMEDIATION AND THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES IN INNOVATION (2006) 219 292
4 SEYFANG G. HIELSCHER S. HARGREAVES T. MARTISKAINEN M. SMITH A. A GRASSROOTS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY NI... 158 364
4 KIVIMAA P. BOON W. HYYSALO S. KLERKX L. TOWARDS A TYPOLOGY OF INTERMEDIARIES IN SUSTAINABILITY TR... 157 223
4 MIGNON I. KANDA W. A TYPOLOGY OF INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SUSTAINABILITY TR... 147 181
4 KIVIMAA P. HYYSALO S. BOON W. KLERKX L. MARTISKAINEN M. SCHOT J. PASSING THE BATON: HOW INTERMEDI... 130 181
4 POLZIN F. VON FLOTOW P. KLERKX L. ADDRESSING BARRIERS TO ECO-INNOVATION: EXPLORING THE FINANCE MO... 127 150
4 VAN LENTE H. HEKKERT M. SMITS R. VAN WAVEREN B. ROLES OF SYSTEMIC INTERMEDIARIES IN TRANSITION PR... 116 144
5 KHLER J. WHITMARSH L. NYKVIST B. SCHILPEROORD M. BERGMAN N. HAXELTINE A. A TRANSITIONS MODEL FOR ... 157 234
5 PAPACHRISTOS G. A SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODEL OF SOCIO-TECHNICAL REGIME TRANSITIONS (2011) 133 195
5 BERGMAN N. HAXELTINE A. WHITMARSH L. KHLER J. SCHILPEROORD M. ROTMANS J. MODELLING SOCIO-TECHNICA... 115 133
5 WINDRUM P. FAGIOLO G. MONETA A. EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF AGENT-BASED MODELS: ALTERNATIVES AND PROS... 98 122
5 BOERO R. SQUAZZONI F. DOES EMPIRICAL EMBEDDEDNESS MATTER? METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ON AGENT-BASED MO... 86 96
5 DE HAAN J. ROTMANS J. PATTERNS IN TRANSITIONS: UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX CHAINS OF CHANGE (2011) 84 160
5 MAYNTZ R. MECHANISMS IN THE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MACRO-PHENOMENA (2004) 82 96
5 YCEL G. (2010) 82 92
5 PAPACHRISTOS G. A MECHANISM BASED TRANSITION RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: BRIDGING ANALYTICAL APPROACHES... 69 123
5 PAPACHRISTOS G. TOWARDS MULTI-SYSTEM SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITIONS: WHY SIMULATE (2014) 69 100
6 SCHOT J. GEELS F.W. STRATEGIC NICHE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION JOURNEYS: THEORY FINDIN... 210 1381
6 KEMP R. SCHOT J. HOOGMA R. REGIME SHIFTS TO SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH PROCESSES OF NICHE FORMATION: ... 209 2376
6 ELZEN B. VAN MIERLO B. LEEUWIS C. ANCHORING OF INNOVATIONS: ASSESSING DUTCH EFFORTS TO HARVEST EN... 59 181
6 NILL J. KEMP R. EVOLUTIONARY APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION POLICIES: FROM NICHE TO PARADI... 45 79
6 GEELS F. THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: RESPONSES TO SEVEN CRITICISMS... 38 77
6 GEELS F. SCHOT J. TYPOLOGY OF SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITION PATHWAYS (2007) 37 112
6 IYER G. HULTMAN N. EOM J. MCJEON H. PATEL P. CLARKE L. DIFFUSION OF LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES AND T... 36 41
6 FABRIZIO K.R. HAWN O. ENABLING DIFFUSION: HOW COMPLEMENTARY INPUTS MODERATE THE RESPONSE TO ENVIR... 36 42
6 ZHANG T. GENSLER S. GARCIA R. A STUDY OF THE DIFFUSION OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES: AN AGENT-BAS... 36 40
6 INGRAM J. AGRICULTURAL TRANSITION: NICHE AND REGIME KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS BOUNDARY DYNAMICS (2018) 34 40
6 BARBAROSSA C. DE PELSMACKER P. MOONS I. PERSONAL VALUES GREEN SELF-IDENTITY AND ELECTRIC CAR ADOP... 34 38
6 BERGEK A. BERGGREN C. THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INSTRUMENTS ON INNOVATION: A REVIEW OF E... 34 38
6 BONILLA J. CORIA J. MOHLIN K. STERNER T. REFUNDED EMISSION PAYMENTS AND DIFFUSION OF NOX ABATEMEN... 34 38
6 CLAUSEN J. FICHTER K. WINTER W. THEORETISCHE GRUNDLAGEN FR DIE ERKLRUNG VON DIFFUSIONSVERLUFEN VO... 34 38
6 DROSTE N. HANSJRGENS B. KUIKMAN P. OTTER N. ANTIKAINEN R. LESKINEN P. PITKNEN K. THOMSEN M. STEER... 34 38
6 FICHTER K. CLAUSEN J. ERFOLG UND SCHEITERN GRNER INNOVATIONEN (2013) 34 38
6 GRAFSTRM J. LINDMAN . INVENTION INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION IN THE EUROPEAN WIND POWER SECTOR (2017) 34 38
6 JNICKE M. ECOLOGICAL MODERNISATION: NEW PERSPECTIVES (2008) 34 38
6 KEMP R. PEARSON P. FINAL REPORT MEI PROJECT ABOUT MEASURING ECO- INNOVATION (2007) 34 38
6 LPPLE D. RENSBURG T.V. ADOPTION OF ORGANIC FARMING: ARE THERE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLY AND LATE ... 34 38
6 MORTON C. WILSON C. ANABLE J. THE DIFFUSION OF DOMESTIC ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES: A SPATIAL PER... 34 38
6 NOLDEN C. SORRELL S. POLZIN F. CATALYSING THE ENERGY SERVICE MARKET: THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES (... 34 38
6 TIMMA L. BLUMBERGA A. BLUMBERGA D. UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSTITUTION BY HYBRID MODELLI... 34 38
6 WSTENHAGEN R. HAMSCHMIDT J. SHARMA S. STARIK M. (2008) 34 38
7 BATTILANA J. LECA B. BOXENBAUM E. HOW ACTORS CHANGE INSTITUTIONS: TOWARDS A THEORY OF INSTITUTION... 197 309
7 LAWRENCE T.B. SUDDABY R. INSTITUTIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL WORK (2006) 158 239
7 MAGUIRE S. HARDY C. LAWRENCE T.B. INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EMERGING FIELDS: HIV/AIDS TRE... 110 164
7 FLIGSTEIN N. SOCIAL SKILL AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY (1997) 106 159
7 DIMAGGIO P.J. INTEREST AND AGENCY IN INSTITUTIONAL THEORY (1988) 100 136
7 FUENFSCHILLING L. TRUFFER B. THE STRUCTURATION OF SOCIO-TECHNICAL REGIMESCONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS F... 98 462
7 GARUD R. HARDY C. MAGUIRE S. INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS EMBEDDED AGENCY: AN INTRODUCTION T... 94 169
7 EMIRBAYER M. MISCHE A. WHAT IS AGENCY? (1998) 94 133
7 DORADO S. INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PARTAKING AND CONVENING (2005) 80 104
7 BENFORD R.D. SNOW D.A. FRAMING PROCESSES AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: AN OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT (2000) 77 131
8 CHESBROUGH H. BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS (2010) 151 234
8 BOLTON R. HANNON M. GOVERNING SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS THROUGH BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION: TOWAR... 150 215
8 BOONS F. LDEKE-FREUND F. BUSINESS MODELS FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND STEPS T... 145 170
8 ZOTT C. AMIT R. MASSA L. THE BUSINESS MODEL: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE RESEARCH (2011) 144 169
8 COHEN B. KIETZMANN J. RIDE ON! MOBILITY BUSINESS MODELS FOR THE SHARING ECONOMY (2014) 134 172
8 TEECE D.J. BUSINESS MODELS BUSINESS STRATEGY AND INNOVATION (2010) 131 153
8 BADEN-FULLER C. MANGEMATIN V. BUSINESS MODELS: A CHALLENGING AGENDA (2013) 111 129
8 CHESBROUGH H. ROSENBLOOM R.S. THE ROLE OF THE BUSINESS MODEL IN CAPTURING VALUE FROM INNOVATION: ... 111 129
8 OSTERWALDER A. PIGNEUR Y. BUSINESS MODEL GENERATION: A HANDBOOK FOR VISIONARIES GAME CHANGERS AND... 107 142
8 BOHNSACK R. PINKSE J. KOLK A. BUSINESS MODELS FOR SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES: EXPLORING BUSINESS MO... 106 129
9 BELK R. YOU ARE WHAT YOU CAN ACCESS: SHARING AND COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION ONLINE (2014) 71 77
9 MARTIN C.J. THE SHARING ECONOMY: A PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABILITY OR A NIGHTMARISH FORM OF NEOLIBERAL ... 64 80
9 BELK R. SHARING VERSUS PSEUDO-SHARING IN WEB 2.0 (2014) 46 46
9 SCHOR J. DEBATING THE SHARING ECONOMY (2014) 41 43
9 FRENKEN K. SCHOR J. PUTTING THE SHARING ECONOMY INTO PERSPECTIVE (2017) 33 49
9 BOTSMAN R. THE SHARING ECONOMY LACKS A SHARED DEFINITION (2013) 32 32
9 BELK R. WHY NOT SHARE RATHER THAN OWN? (2007) 27 27
9 BARDHI F. ECKHARDT G.M. ACCESS-BASED CONSUMPTION: THE CASE OF CAR SHARING (2012) 26 36
9 BELK R. SHARING (2010) 24 24
9 BENKLER Y. SHARING NICELY: ON SHAREABLE GOODS AND THE EMERGENCE OF SHARING AS A MODALITY OF ECONO... 24 24

4.1.2 Development of Knowledge Bases

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'PY'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.
Loading required package: directlabels
Loading required package: patchwork

4.2 Technical description

In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair \(m\) and \(n\) (\(s_{m,n}^{coc}\)) is expressed by the number of publications \(C\) which are jointly citing reference \(m\) and \(n\).

\[s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}\]

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.

5 Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis

5.1 Research Areas main summary

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature’s current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure uses bibliographical information of publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab Technical description. As you will see, we identify the more narrow research community of Sustainability Transitions (in which we will zoom in later), but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

5.1.1 Main Characteristics

To identify communities in the field’s knowledge frontier (labeled research areas) we again use the Lovain Algorithm (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

5.1.2 Categorization

I up to now gain only provide the 10 most central articles, which can be used to classify them

Joining, by = "XX"
Adding missing grouping variables: `com_name`
com_name AU PY TI dgr_int TC TC_year
1 JACOBSSON S;BERGEK A 2011 INNOVATION SYSTEM ANALYSES AND SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: CONTRIBUTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR RESE... 245 249 22.636364
1 VAN DEN BERGH JCJM;TRU... 2011 ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATION AND SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 237 243 22.090909
1 GEELS FW 2013 THE IMPACT OF THE FINANCIAL-ECONOMIC CRISIS ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: FINANCIAL INVESTMENT, ... 293 124 13.777778
1 FIGENBAUM E 2017 PERSPECTIVES ON NORWAY'S SUPERCHARGED ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICY 329 83 16.600000
1 SCHMIDT TS;SCHNEIDER M... 2012 THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE POLICY ON THE RATE AND DIRECTION OF INNOVATION: A SURVEY OF THE EU ETS AND... 286 84 8.400000
1 MEADOWCROFT J 2011 ENGAGING WITH THE POLITICS OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS 67 308 28.000000
1 QUITZOW R 2015 DYNAMICS OF A POLICY-DRIVEN MARKET: THE CO-EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS FOR SOLA... 199 102 14.571429
1 REICHARDT K;ROGGE K 2016 HOW THE POLICY MIX IMPACTS INNOVATION: FINDINGS FROM COMPANY CASE STUDIES ON OFFSHORE WIND IN GER... 359 56 9.333333
1 BOLTON R;FOXON TJ 2015 A SOCIO-TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE ON LOW CARBON INVESTMENT CHALLENGES - INSIGHTS FOR UK ENERGY POLICY 282 58 8.285714
1 JOHNSON FX;SILVEIRA S 2014 PIONEER COUNTRIES IN THE TRANSITION TO ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT FUELS: COMPARISON OF ETHANOL PROGRAM... 322 43 5.375000
2 GEELS FW 2011 THE MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: RESPONSES TO SEVEN CRITICISMS 380 1070 97.272727
2 SEYFANG G;HIELSCHER S;... 2014 A GRASSROOTS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY NICHE? REFLECTIONS ON COMMUNITY ENERGY IN THE UK 178 201 25.125000
2 RAVEN R;KERN F;VERHEES... 2016 NICHE CONSTRUCTION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SOCIO-POLITICAL WORK. A META-ANALYSIS OF SIX LOW-CARBO... 241 135 22.500000
2 JOHNSTONE P;NEWELL P 2018 SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS AND THE STATE 400 75 18.750000
2 SARASINI S;LINDER M 2018 INTEGRATING A BUSINESS MODEL PERSPECTIVE INTO TRANSITION THEORY: THE EXAMPLE OF NEW MOBILITY SERV... 477 50 12.500000
2 STIRLING A 2011 PLURALISING PROGRESS: FROM INTEGRATIVE TRANSITIONS TO TRANSFORMATIVE DIVERSITY 145 106 9.636364
2 VAN MOSSEL A;VAN RIJNS... 2018 NAVIGATORS THROUGH THE STORM: A REVIEW OF ORGANIZATION THEORIES AND THE BEHAVIOR OF INCUMBENT FIR... 426 35 8.750000
2 MARTISKAINEN M 2017 THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRASSROOTS INNOVATIONS 162 74 14.800000
2 PAPACHRISTOS G 2019 SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELLING AND SIMULATION FOR SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITIONS RESEARCH 391 30 10.000000
2 KLITKOU A;BOLWIG S;HAN... 2015 THE ROLE OF LOCK-IN MECHANISMS IN TRANSITION PROCESSES: THE CASE OF ENERGY FOR ROAD TRANSPORT 119 98 14.000000
3 BERGEK A;HEKKERT M;JAC... 2015 TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS IN CONTEXTS: CONCEPTUALIZING CONTEXTUAL STRUCTURES AND INTERACTI... 480 198 28.285714
3 HANSEN T;COENEN L 2015 THE GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: REVIEW, SYNTHESIS AND REFLECTIONS ON AN EMERGENT RES... 283 315 45.000000
3 MURPHY JT 2015 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITION STUDIES: PROMISING INTERSECTIONS 320 132 18.857143
3 MARKARD J;HEKKERT M;JA... 2015 THE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK: RESPONSE TO SIX CRITICISMS 362 84 12.000000
3 TRUFFER B;MURPHY JT;RA... 2015 THE GEOGRAPHY OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS: CONTOURS OF AN EMERGING THEME 120 112 16.000000
3 BINZ C;ANADON LD 2018 UNRELATED DIVERSIFICATION IN LATECOMER CONTEXTS: EMERGENCE OF THE CHINESE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS IND... 335 30 7.500000
3 SENGERS F;RAVEN R 2015 TOWARD A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE ON NICHE DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT 86 84 12.000000
3 ALKEMADE F;HEKKERT MP;... 2011 TRANSITION POLICY AND INNOVATION POLICY: FRIENDS OR FOES? 114 59 5.363636
3 TZIVA M;NEGRO SO;KALFA... 2020 UNDERSTANDING THE PROTEIN TRANSITION: THE RISE OF PLANT-BASED MEAT SUBSTITUTES 226 28 14.000000
3 KERN F 2015 ENGAGING WITH THE POLITICS, AGENCY AND STRUCTURES IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS APPROACH 128 49 7.000000
4 KHLER J;GEELS FW;KERN ... 2019 AN AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS RESEARCH: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 211 374 124.666667
4 MARKARD J;SUTER M;INGO... 2016 SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS AND POLICY CHANGE - ADVOCACY COALITIONS IN SWISS ENERGY POLICY 196 127 21.166667
4 PATTERSON J;SCHULZ K;V... 2017 EXPLORING THE GOVERNANCE AND POLITICS OF TRANSFORMATIONS TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY 133 165 33.000000
4 RAVENA R;SCHOTA J;BERK... 2012 SPACE AND SCALE IN SOCIO-TECHNICAL TRANSITIONS 68 230 23.000000
4 EHNERT F;KERN F;BORGST... 2018 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN A CONTEXT OF MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE: A COMPARISON OF FOUR EUR... 285 51 12.750000
4 KERN F;ROGGE KS 2018 HARNESSING THEORIES OF THE POLICY PROCESS FOR ANALYSING THE POLITICS OF SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION... 223 60 15.000000
4 WITTMAYER JM;AVELINO F... 2017 ACTOR ROLES IN TRANSITION: INSIGHTS FROM SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 143 92 18.400000
4 WILLIAMS S;DOYON A 2019 JUSTICE IN ENERGY TRANSITIONS 143 38 12.666667
4 ROSENBLOOM D 2018 FRAMING LOW-CARBON PATHWAYS: A DISCURSIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTENDING STORYLINES SURROUNDING THE PHASE... 133 40 10.000000
4 RAVEN R;KERN F;SMITH A... 2016 THE POLITICS OF INNOVATION SPACES FOR LOW-CARBON ENERGY: INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE 149 33 5.500000
5 KIVIMAA P;HYYSALO S;BO... 2019 PASSING THE BATON: HOW INTERMEDIARIES ADVANCE SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS IN DIFFERENT PHASES 107 38 12.666667
5 MIGNON I;KANDA W 2018 A TYPOLOGY OF INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION POLICIES 93 29 7.250000
5 MARTISKAINEN M;KIVIMAA P 2018 CREATING INNOVATIVE ZERO CARBON HOMES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM INTERMEDIARIES AND CHAMPIONS IN BUILD... 62 42 10.500000
5 KANDA W;KUISMA M;KIVIM... 2020 CONCEPTUALISING THE SYSTEMIC ACTIVITIES OF INTERMEDIARIES IN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS 124 13 6.500000
5 BERGEK A 2020 DIFFUSION INTERMEDIARIES: A TAXONOMY BASED ON RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGY IN SWEDEN 104 9 4.500000
5 TANJA MANDERS TN;ANNA ... 2020 COMPLEXITY, TENSIONS, AND AMBIGUITY OF INTERMEDIATION IN A TRANSITION CONTEXT: THE CASE OF CONNEC... 119 6 3.000000
5 KIVIMAA P;PRIMMER E;LU... 2020 INTERMEDIATING POLICY FOR TRANSITIONS TOWARDS NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS 89 3 1.500000
5 HAFNER S;JONES A;ANGER... 2020 CLOSING THE GREEN FINANCE GAP A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE 11 23 11.500000
5 VIHEMKI H;TOPPINEN A;T... 2020 INTERMEDIARIES TO ACCELERATE THE DIFFUSION OF WOODEN MULTI-STOREY CONSTRUCTION IN FINLAND 58 4 2.000000
5 KIVIMAA P;BERGEK A;MAT... 2020 INTERMEDIARIES IN ACCELERATING TRANSITIONS: INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE 55 4 2.000000
6 FRENKEN K;SCHOR J 2017 PUTTING THE SHARING ECONOMY INTO PERSPECTIVE 21 415 83.000000
6 BCKER L;MEELEN T 2017 SHARING FOR PEOPLE, PLANET OR PROFIT? ANALYSING MOTIVATIONS FOR INTENDED SHARING ECONOMY PARTICIP... 33 232 46.400000
6 VOYTENKO PALGAN Y;ZVOL... 2017 SUSTAINABILITY FRAMINGS OF ACCOMMODATION SHARING 21 53 10.600000
6 GRUSZKA K 2017 FRAMING THE COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY VOICES OF CONTESTATION 33 25 5.000000
6 DE RIVERA J;GORDO;CASS... 2017 A NETNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF P2P COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION PLATFORMS USER INTERFACE AND DESIGN 22 34 6.800000
6 PRENDEVILLE S;CHERIM E... 2018 CIRCULAR CITIES: MAPPING SIX CITIES IN TRANSITION 7 89 22.250000
6 HENRY M;SCHRAVEN D;BOC... 2021 THE BATTLE OF THE BUZZWORDS: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND THE SHARING ECONOMY... 35 6 6.000000
6 POURI MJ;HILTY LM 2021 THE DIGITAL SHARING ECONOMY: A CONFLUENCE OF TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL SHARING 38 3 3.000000
6 MCKEE D 2017 NEOLIBERALISM AND THE LEGALITY OF PEER PLATFORM MARKETS 4 17 3.400000
6 SCHOR JB 2014 CLIMATE DISCOURSE AND ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATES, 2008-2013 4 8 1.000000

5.1.3 Development

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'com_name'. You can override using the `.groups` argument.

We again see quite some dynamics….

5.1.4 Connectivity between the research areas

Warning: Ignoring unknown parameters: strenght

5.2 Technical description

In a bibliographic coupling network, the coupling-strength between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair \(i\) and \(j\) (\(s_{i,j}^{bib}\)) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references.

\[ s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m} \]

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications’ bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either \(i\) or \(j\)). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

\[ S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}} \]

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.

—>

---
title: "Transitions Bibliometrics 2020"
author: "Daniel S. Hain"
date: "`r format(Sys.time(), '%d %B, %Y')`"
output:
  html_notebook:
    df_print: paged
    toc: yes
    toc_depth: 3
    toc_float: yes
    number_sections: yes
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
### Generic preamble
Sys.setenv(LANG = "en")
options(scipen = 5)
set.seed(1337)

### Load packages  
library(knitr) # For display of the markdown
library(kableExtra) # For table styling

library(tidyverse)
library(magrittr)


library(bibliometrix)
library(tidygraph)
library(ggraph)

# own functions
source("../functions/functions_basic.R")
source("../functions/functions_summary.R")
source("../functions/00_parameters.R")
```

```{r global_options, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, 
                      warning = FALSE, 
                      message = FALSE)
```


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# Initial Corpus generation 

```{r}
M <- readRDS("../../temp/M.RDS") %>% as_tibble()
```

# General Overview over EIST articles

## Main Indicators: Publications, Authors, Countries

To start with, a general overview over the documents in the corpus.

First 

```{r}
results <- biblioAnalysis(M, sep = ";")

results %>% summary(k = 10, pause = FALSE)
```
And a graphical visualization

```{r}
results %>% plot(k = 10, pause = FALSE)
```

```{r}
prod_AU <- M %>% authorProdOverTime(k = 10, graph = TRUE)
plot(prod_AU$graph)
```

```{r}
rm(results, prod_AU)
```

## Cited references

```{r}
CR <- readRDS("../../temp/CR.RDS") 
```

Top 20 cited references:

```{r}
CR$Cited %>% as_tibble() %>% head(20) %>% 
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"), font_size = 8)
```

```{r}
rm(CR)
```



```{r}
#M %>% gen_summary(top_n = 20, level = "PUB", what = "count", plot = TRUE) 
```


### Authors, Themes & Journals

```{r, fig.width=20, fig.height=17.5}
M_threefield <- readRDS("../../temp/M_threefield.RDS") 
```

```{r, fig.width=17.5, fig.height=17.5}
M_threefield
```


```{r}
rm(M_threefield)
```


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# Topic modelling

```{r}
library(tidytext)

text_tidy <- readRDS("../../temp/text_tidy.RDS")
text_lda <- readRDS("../../temp/text_lda.RDS")
```

```{r}
top_names <- tibble( 
  com = 1:(C_nw %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct()),
  com_name = 
    1:(C_nw %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct())
#    c('1 Transition studies',
#    '2 Classic innovation studies',
#    '3 Territorial innovation systems',
#    '4 (National) innovation systems',
#    '5 Sociology and practice theory',
#    '6 Socio-ecological systems',
#    '7 Political ecology and governance')
)
```

```{r}
C_nw %<>% left_join(com_names_cit, by = "com")
```

```{r}
mycol_lda <- text_lda %>% tidy(matrix = "beta") %>% gg_color_select(cat = topic, pal = "Paired")
```


I by now created some topic modelling. The results are now more fine-tuned, but there is still room for some improvement. We ran a LDA on the titles + abstracts of our corpus, aiming at identifying 6 topics (different evaluation methods point towards this number)

## Topics by topwords
```{r, fig.width=17.5, fig.height=15} 
text_lda %>% tidy(matrix = "beta") %>%
  group_by(topic) %>%
  slice_max(beta, n = 10) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  mutate(term = reorder_within(term, beta, topic)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(term, beta, fill = factor(topic))) +
  geom_col(show.legend = FALSE) +
  facet_wrap(~ topic, scales = "free") +
  coord_flip() +
  scale_x_reordered() +
  labs(x = "Intra-topic distribution of word",
       y = "Words in topic") + 
  scale_fill_manual(name = "Legend", values = mycol_lda) 

#plot_ly <- plot %>% plotly::ggplotly()
#htmlwidgets::saveWidget(plotly::as_widget(plot_ly), '../output\vis_plotly_topic_terms.html', selfcontained = TRUE)
```

This might still be finetuned, but initially doesnt look that bad I think. All the topics for me seem to be somewhat identifiable. We should maybe start naming them to make their interpretation later easier. 

## Topics over time

```{r, fig.width = 15, fig.height=7.5}
text_lda %>% tidy(matrix = "gamma") %>%
  rename(weight = gamma) %>%
  left_join(M %>% select(XX, PY), by = c('document' = 'XX')) %>%
  mutate(PY = as.numeric(PY)) %>%
  group_by(PY, topic) %>% summarise(weight = sum(weight)) %>% ungroup() %>%
  group_by(PY) %>% mutate(weight_PY = sum(weight)) %>% ungroup() %>%
  mutate(weight_rel = weight / weight_PY) %>%
  select(PY, topic, weight, weight_rel) %>%
  filter(PY >= 1998 & PY <= 2020) %>%
  arrange(PY, topic) %>%
  plot_summary_timeline(y1 = weight, y2 = weight_rel, t = PY, by = topic,  pal = "Paired", label = FALSE,
                        y1_text = "Topic popularity annualy", y2_text = "Share of topic annually")
```

## LDAViz
Here you find a nice way of exploring topics via the `LDAVIz` methodology of visulizing the result of an LDA. It dispolays all topics in a 2 dimensional TSNE (similar to PCA, but optimized for graphical illustration in 2d), and also gives a nice visual representation over the topics top-word distribution and overall frequencies of this words in the corpus. The $\lambda$ parameter regulates the importance-ordering of the topwords. High $\lambda$ order words by the highest propability to appear in the topic to the lowest (independent of the overall word popularity in the corpus), whle low $\lambda$ emphasize words which are very specific to the topic, and rarely appear in others.

Play a bit around. Since it would be here a bit condensed, better check it out  [HERE](https://daniel-hain.github.io/bibliometrics_EIST_2021/output/LDAviz/) in fullscreen for a better overview.

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```{r}
rm(text_dtm, text_tidy, text_lda)
```


# Knowledge Bases: Co-Citation network analysis {.tabset}

```{r}
C_nw <- readRDS("../../temp/C_nw.RDS")
```

```{r}
com_names_cit <- tibble( 
  com = 1:(C_nw %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct()),
  com_name = 
    1:(C_nw %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct())
#    c('1 Transition studies',
#    '2 Classic innovation studies',
#    '3 Territorial innovation systems',
#    '4 (National) innovation systems',
#    '5 Sociology and practice theory',
#    '6 Socio-ecological systems',
#    '7 Political ecology and governance')
)
```

```{r}
C_nw %<>% left_join(com_names_cit, by = "com")
```

```{r}
mycol_cit <- C_nw %>% gg_color_select(cat = com_name, pal = "Set1")
```


**Note:** This analysis refers the co-citation analysis, where the cited references and not the original publications are the unit of analysis. See tab `Technical description`for additional explanations

## Knowledge Bases summary

### Main Indicators
In order to partition networks into components or clusters, we deploy a **community detection** technique based on the **Lovain Algorithm** (Blondel et al., 2008). The Lovain Algorithm is a heuristic method that attempts to optimize the modularity of communities within a network by maximizing within- and minimizing between-community connectivity. We identify the following communities = knowledge bases.

```{r}
C_nw %>%
  group_by(com_name) %>%
  summarise(n = n(), density_int = ((sum(dgr_int) / (n() * (n() - 1))) * 100) %>% round(3)) %>%
  relocate(com_name, everything())
```

It is not the main focus of this exercise, but still informative to see which historical knowledge the fields draws from. 

NOTE: Up to now I only report the most central members per community

```{r}
C_nw %>% group_by(com) %>% 
  select(com, name, dgr_int, dgr) %>%
  arrange(com, desc(dgr_int)) %>%
  mutate(name = name %>% str_trunc(100)) %>%
  slice_max(order_by = dgr_int, n = 10) %>% kable() %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"), font_size = 8)
```
### Development of Knowledge Bases

```{r}
el_2m<- readRDS("../../temp/el_2m.RDS")
```


```{r}
el_2m %<>% 
  select(com_bib, com_cit, PY) %>%
  drop_na()
```

 
```{r}
el_2m %<>%
  group_by(PY, com_cit) %>%
  summarise(TC = n()) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  drop_na() %>%
  group_by(PY) %>%
  mutate(TC_rel = TC / sum(TC)) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  arrange(PY, com_cit) %>%
  left_join(com_names_cit , by = c('com_cit' = 'com'))
```


```{r, fig.width = 15, fig.height=7.5}
el_2m %>%   
  complete(com_name, PY, fill = list(TC = 0, TC_rel = 0)) %>%
  plot_summary_timeline(y1 = TC, y2 = TC_rel, t = PY, by = com_name, pal = "Set1", label = TRUE,
                        y1_text = "Number citations recieved annually",  y2_text = "Share of citations recieved annually")
```

## Technical description
In a co-cittion network, the strength of the relationship between a reference pair $m$ and $n$ ($s_{m,n}^{coc}$) is expressed by the number of publications $C$ which are jointly citing reference $m$ and $n$. 

$$s_{m,n}^{coc} = \sum_i c_{i,m} c_{i,n}$$

The intuition here is that references which are frequently cited together are likely to share commonalities in theory, topic, methodology, or context. It can be interpreted as a measure of similarity as evaluated by other researchers that decide to jointly cite both references. Because the publication process is time-consuming, co-citation is a backward-looking measure, which is appropriate to map the relationship between core literature of a field.


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# Research Areas: Bibliographic coupling analysis {.tabset}

## Research Areas main summary

This is arguably the more interesting part. Here, we identify the literature's current knowledge frontier by carrying out a bibliographic coupling analysis of the publications in our corpus. This measure  uses bibliographical information of  publications to establish a similarity relationship between them. Again, method details to be found in the tab `Technical description`. As you will see, we identify the more narrow research community of Sustainability Transitions (in which we will zoom in later), but also a set of adjacent research areas with some theoretical/methodological/application overlap.

```{r}
M_bib <- readRDS("../../temp/M_bib.RDS") %>% as_tibble()
```

```{r}
com_names_bib <- tibble( 
  com = 1:(M_bib %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct()),
  com_name = 
    1:(M_bib %>% pull(com) %>% n_distinct())
#    c('1 Transition studies') )
)
```

```{r}
M_bib %<>% left_join(com_names_bib, by = "com")
```

```{r}
mycol_bib <- M_bib %>% gg_color_select(cat = com_name, pal = "Dark2")
```

### Main Characteristics
To identify communities in the field's knowledge frontier (labeled **research areas**) we again use the **Lovain Algorithm** (Blondel et al., 2008). We identify the following communities = research areas.

```{r}
M_bib %>%
  group_by(com_name) %>%
  summarise(n = n(), density_int = ((sum(dgr_int) / (n() * (n() - 1))) * 100) %>% round(3)) %>%
  select(com_name, everything())
```
### Categorization

I up to now gain only provide the 10 most central articles, which can be used to classify them

```{r}
M_bib %>% group_by(com_name) %>% 
  left_join(M %>% select(XX, AU, PY, TI, TC)) %>%
  mutate(dgr_select = (dgr_int / max(dgr_int) * (TC / max(TC))) ) %>%
  slice_max(order_by = dgr_select, n = 10) %>% 
  mutate(TC_year = TC / (2021 + 1 - PY),
         AU = AU %>% str_trunc(25),
         TI = TI %>% str_trunc(100)) %>%
  select(AU, PY, TI, dgr_int, TC, TC_year) %>% 
  kable() %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover", "condensed", "responsive"), font_size = 8)
```

### Development

```{r, fig.width = 15, fig.height=7.5}
M_bib %>%
  left_join(M %>% select(XX, PY), by = 'XX') %>%
  mutate(PY = PY %>% as.numeric()) %>%
  group_by(com_name, PY) %>% summarise(n = n()) %>% ungroup() %>%
  group_by(PY) %>% mutate(n_PY = sum(n)) %>% ungroup() %>%
  mutate(n_rel = n / n_PY) %>%
  select(com_name, PY, n, n_rel) %>%
  arrange(com_name, PY) %>% 
  filter(PY >= 1995) %>%
  complete(com_name, PY, fill = list(n = 0, n_rel = 0)) %>%
  plot_summary_timeline(y1 = n, y2 = n_rel, t = PY, by = com_name, label = TRUE,
                        y1_text = "Number publications annually", y2_text = "Share of publications annually")
```

We again see quite some dynamics....

### Connectivity between the research areas
```{r}
g_agg <- readRDS("../../temp/g_bib_agg.RDS")

g_agg <- g_agg %N>%
  arrange(com) # %>%
#   mutate(name = names_ra %>% pull(com_ra_name),
#          color = cols_ra)
```

```{r, fig.height= 7.5, fig.width=7.5}
g_agg %E>% 
  filter(weight > 0 & from != to) %>%
  filter(weight >= quantile(weight, 0.25) )  %>%
  ggraph(layout = "circle") + 
  geom_edge_fan(strenght = 0.075, aes(width = weight), alpha = 0.2)  + 
  geom_node_point(aes(size = N, color = factor(com)))  + 
  geom_node_text(aes(label = com), repel = TRUE) +
  theme_graph(base_family = "Arial") +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = 'Paired') 
```

## Technical description
In a bibliographic coupling network, the **coupling-strength** between publications is determined by the number of commonly cited references they share, assuming a common pool of references to indicate similarity in context, methods, or theory. Formally, the strength of the relationship between a publication pair $i$ and $j$ ($s_{i,j}^{bib}$) is expressed by the number of commonly cited references. 

$$	s_{i,j}^{bib} = \sum_m c_{i,m} c_{j,m} $$

Since our corpus contains publications which differ strongly in terms of the number of cited references, we normalize the coupling strength by the Jaccard similarity coefficient. Here, we weight the intercept of two publications' bibliography (shared refeences) by their union (number of all references cited by either $i$ or $j$). It is bounded between zero and one, where one indicates the two publications to have an identical bibliography, and zero that they do not share any cited reference. Thereby, we prevent publications from having high coupling strength due to a large bibliography (e.g., literature surveys).

$$	S_{i,j}^{jac-bib} =\frac{C(i \cap j)}{C(i \cup j)} = \frac{s_{i,j}^{bib}}{c_i + c_j - s_{i,j}^{bib}} $$

More recent articles have a higher pool of possible references to co-cite to, hence they are more likely to be coupled. Consequently, bibliographic coupling represents a forward looking measure, and the method of choice to identify the current knowledge frontier at the point of analysis.


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<!--- 
## Conceptual trajectories: Historical citation path analysis

```{r}
histResults <- readRDS("../../temp/histResults.RDS") 
```

```{r, fig.width=17.5, fig.height=17.5}
histResults %>% histPlot(n =50, size = 10, labelsize = 7.5)
```


```{r}
rm(histResults)
```

---> 

